The most important difference is whether only visual inattention or also cognitive inattention should be included. In 2016 alone, distracted driving was responsible for 3,477 deaths and an estimated additional 391,000 car accident injuries, according to a report from the national highway traffic safety administration nhtsa. Theory, effects and mitigation, published by crc press in 2008 and initiated and cochaired the first international conference on driver distraction and inattention, held in gothenburg, sweden, in september 2009. Tasks that require the driver to look away from the roadway to visually obtain information. Driver distraction is not a new problem in road safety. Ddi2017 conference thematics include theory, measurement, effects, crash risks, and prevention mitigation related to driver distraction and inattention.
All districts should adopt policies that prohibit bus drivers from eating, drinking, and using cell phones. The introduction of invehicle information systems ivis, such as cell phones and navigational displays, can greatly influence these numbers due to. Public school administrators should consider the following strategies to enhance school bus driver performance. By determining what takes our attention off the road. Preventing, and managing driver distraction it is estimated that up to 23 percent of crashes and nearcrashes are caused by driver distraction, and these figures will likely increase as more and more distractions, both inside and outside the vehicle, compete for driver attention. A practical resource for understanding, features preventing. Driver distraction is an emerging road safety issue, and is being increasingly ranked by road safety authorities around the world as a significant contributing factor to road trauma alongside speeding, drinkdriving and fatigue. This chapter, using the defi nition of distraction provided in chapters 1 and 3 of this book, discusses the results of several crash studies that have attempted to provide detailed categories of different types of distractions and quantify the proportion of crashes that involve driver distraction as a contributory factor. Some of these costs are balanced by the benefits associated with the distracting activities.
Thus, timing can influence how drivers respond to feedback. This chapter provides a general overview of the term driver distraction, what it means, how it relates to driver inattention, types of driver distraction, sources of driver distraction, factors that moderate the effects of distraction on driving, the interference that can derive from distraction, theories that seek to explain this interference, the impact of distraction on driving. Theory, effects, and mitigation book is not really ordinary book, you have it then the world is in your hands. Distracted driving is a leading cause of death and personal injury accidents in the u. Driver distraction is a diversion of attention away from activities critical for. Driver distraction increases your risk of getting into a crash. We investigated the effects of adas specifically lane departure warning ldw on driving performance while participants performed a secondary task mental math designed to simulate cognitive effort while driving. Apr 22, 2017 michael is the senior editor and a coauthor of the first book on driver distraction driver distraction. This count refers to the total commentsubmissions received on this docket, as of 11. Previous studies show that invehicle tasks undermine driver safety and there is a need to mitigate driver distraction.
Clearly, dd constitutes a major highway safety problem. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Examination of the distraction effects of wireless phone interfaces using the national advanced driving simulator preliminary report on a freeway scenario studypdf. Crash studies of driver distraction driver distraction. Driver distraction is a diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving towards a competing activity. Driver distraction can be considered as a specific form of driver inattention and has been defined as the diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing. Presentations take into account new forms of mobility e. Driver distraction has been defined in many different ways. The role of driver distraction in traffic crashes prepared by jane c. With 24 chapters by 52 authors from more than 10 countries, it provides important new perspectives on the definition and meaning of driver distraction and inattention, the mechanisms that characterize them, the measurement of their effects, strategies for mitigating their effects, and recommendations for further research. The first two are policeaccidentreportbased systems.
The sources of driver distraction can reside inside or outside the vehicle, be technologyrelated or. Driver distraction is the diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing activity, which may result in insufficient or no attention to activities critical for safe driving. Driver distraction dd is characterized by the diversion of attention away from the driving task in favor of a secondary activity e. Meeting the challenges of new technology and automation. Driver distraction is understood as a form of inattention and has been defined as a diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing activity. Presentations taking into account new forms of mobility. Driver acceptance of distraction mitigation strategies is crucial if these strategies are to be effective.
Oct 15, 2008 it is estimated that up to 23 percent of crashes and nearcrashes are caused by driver distraction, and these figures will likely increase as more and more distractions, both inside and outside the vehicle, compete for driver attention. Driver distraction volpe national transportation systems. Advanced driving simulator nads1 for detecting the effects of distraction was validated. Defines driver distraction, discusses causes, and explains how to measure acceptable and unacceptable levels of distraction.
Mar 19, 2014 cognitive neuroscientist david strayer, phd, studies how the brain processes information to better understand what causes driver distraction. Distraction as a breakdown of multilevel control at different time horizons. Theory, effects, and mitigation gives a comprehensive overview of this issue, outlining the underlying theory of distraction, its effects on driving performance and safety. Mitigating driver distraction with retrospective and.
A practical resource for understanding, preventing, and managing driver distraction it is estimated that up to 23 percent of crashes and nearcrashes are caused by driver distraction, and these figures will likely increase as more and more distractions, both inside and outside the vehicle, compete for driver attention. Many definitions of driver distraction have been developed and the following reflects an integration of many of these. Distractionrelated crashes impose a substantial cost on society. Defining driver distraction transportation research board. Driver distraction theory, effects, and mitigation edited by michael a. The driver distraction mitigation system in the saveit program also sought to diminish overload caused by drivers engagement in distracting tasks and to guide driver behavior to maintain safety figure 6. Distractions can come from both inside and outside of your truck cab.
Ddi2017 conference thematics include theory, measurement, effects, crash risks, and preventionmitigation related to driver distraction and inattention. Ddi2017 conference topics include theory, measurement, effects, crash risks, and preventionmitigation related to driver distraction and inattention. Driver distraction is the diversion of attention from activities critical for safe driving to a competing activity. The impact of distraction mitigation strategies on driving. This perspective focuses on analysis of the whole system, its values, and the interactions between human and technical elements at all organisational levels. Distracted driving refers to the act of driving while engaging in other activities which distract the drivers attention away from the road. Theory, effects, and mitigation edited by michael a.
Driver distraction and use effects on the road pdf november 2004. Many different methods have been used to assess the prevalence and types of driver distraction that occur, and to describe the. Understanding the consequences of distracted driving driver. It considers major sources of distraction both inside and outside the vehicle communication devices. Despite government efforts to regulate distracted driving, distraction related fatalities and injuries continue to increase. There is increasing evidence that driver distraction and. Driver distraction is a significant and difficult safety problem to. Direct driving performance methods and measures in modern vehicle cockpits, drivers have access to a range of entertainment, information, communication, and advanced driver assistance systems e. Michael is the senior editor and a coauthor of the first book on driver distraction driver distraction. With 24 chapters by 52 authors from more than 10 countries, it provides important new perspectives on the definition and meaning of driver distraction and inattention, the mechanisms that characterize them, the measurement of their effects, strategies for mitigating their effects, and. Theory, effects, and mitigation gives a comprehensive. Retrospective feedback can support the memory of critical incidents and driver understanding of the degree to which their engagement in distracting activities results in critical incidents. An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of distraction mitigation strategies on drivers performance and productivity while engaged in an invehicle information system task. Distractions are shown to compromise the safety of the driver, passengers, pedestrians, and people in other vehicles.
It developed and assessed realtime distraction detection and mitigation systems to 1 guide technology development to enhance driver safety, and 2 identify potential evaluation techniques to characterize and assess this emerging technology. Driver distraction is a major concern and has been shown to contribute to vehicular crashes. A sociotechnical systems approach promotes a sociotechnical systems approach to driver distraction. Theory, effects, and mitigation gives a comprehensive overview of this issue, outlining the underlying theory of distraction, its effects on driving performance and safety, strategies for mitigating its effects, and directions for future research. However, how these systems affect a drivers ability to safely, efficiently, and comfortably operate a vehicle remains unclear. Lee, kristie young outlines the underlying theory of distraction, its effects on driving performance and safety, and strategies for mitigating these effects. This paper will focus on evaluation of different algorithms for detecting driver. Cellular device use while behind the wheel is one of the most common forms of distracted driving. Theory, effects, and mitigation gives a comprehensive overview of this issue, outlining. Manufacturers are introducing realtime driver monitoring systems that detect risk from distracted driving and warn drivers. Page 2 physical distraction occurs when a driver takes one or both hands off the wheel while driving to manipulate an object, instead of focussing on the tasks required for safe driving. Driver distraction and inattention sae international. Distraction detection and mitigation through driver feedback. It also brings together the wide array of literature on the topic into one.
This book explores ways to mitigate driver distraction, as well as. Addressing driver distraction demands a clear definition and theoretical orientation. Welco me to the 5 th international conference on driver distraction and inattention ddi2017. In modern vehicle cockpits, drivers have access to a. Among them are programs and projects involving improving our understanding of the prob lem, reducing workloads from driver interfaces, keeping distracted driv. Driver distraction is a growing problem that is estimated to cause between and 50 percent of all us crashes neale et al. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Whilst the main focus of the ddi conference series is on driver distraction and inattention, presentations and papers on distraction affecting other road users, e. The role of driver distraction in traffic crashes pdf. Examination of the distraction effects of wireless phone interfaces using the national advanced driving simulator preliminary report on a freeway scenario studypdf april 2004.
92 874 749 147 570 253 619 459 324 414 714 539 891 325 561 220 1162 166 550 1419 539 372 584 683 529 124 293 1504 1215 1274 1437 673 181 1479 1144 919 1105 642 1472 1387 610 388 634 565